diff --git a/refer_landing_page/app/lectures/page.tsx b/refer_landing_page/app/lectures/page.tsx
index 284f6af..519f398 100644
--- a/refer_landing_page/app/lectures/page.tsx
+++ b/refer_landing_page/app/lectures/page.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export default function LecturesPage() {
   const olderSemesters = semesters.slice(3);
 
   return (
-    <div className="container-content space-y-20 md:space-y-28 py-10 md:py-16">
+    <div className="container-content space-y-32 md:space-y-48 py-16 md:py-28">
       {/* Header */}
       <section className="space-y-3">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export default function LecturesPage() {
       </section>
 
       {/* Recent 3 Semesters */}
-      <section className="space-y-6 pt-12 md:pt-16 border-t border-line">
+      <section className="space-y-6 pt-20 md:pt-28 border-t border-line">
         <div className="flex justify-between items-end">
           <div>
             <div className="font-mono text-xs text-vermillion uppercase tracking-widest font-bold">
diff --git a/refer_landing_page/app/members/page.tsx b/refer_landing_page/app/members/page.tsx
index 4cd03b1..fdc53ef 100644
--- a/refer_landing_page/app/members/page.tsx
+++ b/refer_landing_page/app/members/page.tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export default function MembersPage() {
   );
 
   return (
-    <div className="container-content space-y-20 md:space-y-28 py-10 md:py-16">
+    <div className="container-content space-y-32 md:space-y-48 py-16 md:py-28">
       {/* Header */}
       <section className="space-y-3">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export default function MembersPage() {
       </section>
 
       {/* Professor Section */}
-      <section className="space-y-6 pt-12 md:pt-16 border-t border-line">
+      <section className="space-y-6 pt-20 md:pt-28 border-t border-line">
         <div className="font-mono text-xs text-vermillion uppercase tracking-widest font-bold">
           Faculty
         </div>
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export default function MembersPage() {
       </section>
 
       {/* Active Researchers Section */}
-      <section className="space-y-8 pt-12 md:pt-16 border-t border-line">
+      <section className="space-y-8 pt-20 md:pt-28 border-t border-line">
         <div className="flex justify-between items-end">
           <div>
             <div className="font-mono text-xs text-cobalt uppercase tracking-widest font-bold">
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ export default function MembersPage() {
       </section>
 
       {/* Alumni Section (Native <details>/<summary> progressive disclosure) */}
-      <section className="space-y-6 pt-12 md:pt-16 border-t border-line">
+      <section className="space-y-6 pt-20 md:pt-28 border-t border-line">
         <div className="flex justify-between items-end">
           <div>
             <div className="font-mono text-xs text-ink-mute uppercase tracking-widest font-bold">
diff --git a/refer_landing_page/app/page.tsx b/refer_landing_page/app/page.tsx
index d4d71f4..9fe4cd1 100644
--- a/refer_landing_page/app/page.tsx
+++ b/refer_landing_page/app/page.tsx
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ export default function HomePage() {
   const pubCount = publications.length + patents.length;
 
   return (
-    <div className="container-content space-y-20 md:space-y-28 py-10 md:py-16">
+    <div className="container-content space-y-32 md:space-y-48 py-16 md:py-28">
       {/* Hero Section */}
       <section className="relative">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3 mb-4">
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export default function HomePage() {
       <ProjectPageView />
 
       {/* Core Research Areas Grid */}
-      <section className="space-y-8 pt-12 md:pt-16 border-t border-line">
+      <section className="space-y-8 pt-20 md:pt-28 border-t border-line">
         <div className="flex justify-between items-end">
           <div>
             <div className="font-mono text-xs text-vermillion uppercase tracking-widest font-bold">
diff --git a/refer_landing_page/app/publications/[category]/page.tsx b/refer_landing_page/app/publications/[category]/page.tsx
index d026e1a..3b5092f 100644
--- a/refer_landing_page/app/publications/[category]/page.tsx
+++ b/refer_landing_page/app/publications/[category]/page.tsx
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ export default function PublicationCategoryPage({ params }: PageProps) {
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="container-content space-y-20 md:space-y-28 py-10 md:py-16">
+    <div className="container-content space-y-32 md:space-y-48 py-16 md:py-28">
       {/* Header */}
       <section className="space-y-3">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
diff --git a/refer_landing_page/app/standardization/page.tsx b/refer_landing_page/app/standardization/page.tsx
index c9573a2..154dd13 100644
--- a/refer_landing_page/app/standardization/page.tsx
+++ b/refer_landing_page/app/standardization/page.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export default function StandardizationPage() {
   );
 
   return (
-    <div className="container-content space-y-20 md:space-y-28 py-10 md:py-16">
+    <div className="container-content space-y-32 md:space-y-48 py-16 md:py-28">
       {/* Header */}
       <section className="space-y-3">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export default function StandardizationPage() {
       </section>
 
       {/* Standards Bodies Section */}
-      <section className="space-y-12 pt-12 md:pt-16 border-t border-line">
+      <section className="space-y-12 pt-20 md:pt-28 border-t border-line">
         {standardsBodies.map((body, idx) => (
           <div key={idx} className="bg-paper p-8 rounded-lg border border-line space-y-6">
             <div className="flex flex-wrap justify-between items-start gap-4 border-b border-line pb-4">