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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Z. Shelby
Request for Comments: 7252 ARM
Category: Standards Track K. Hartke
ISSN: 2070-1721 C. Bormann
Universitaet Bremen TZI
June 2014
The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
Abstract
The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web
transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained
(e.g., low-power, lossy) networks. The nodes often have 8-bit
microcontrollers with small amounts of ROM and RAM, while constrained
networks such as IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
(6LoWPANs) often have high packet error rates and a typical
throughput of 10s of kbit/s. The protocol is designed for machine-
to-machine (M2M) applications such as smart energy and building
automation.
CoAP provides a request/response interaction model between
application endpoints, supports built-in discovery of services and
resources, and includes key concepts of the Web such as URIs and
Internet media types. CoAP is designed to easily interface with HTTP
for integration with the Web while meeting specialized requirements
such as multicast support, very low overhead, and simplicity for
constrained environments.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Features
1.2. Terminology
2. Constrained Application Protocol
2.1. Messaging Model
2.2. Request/Response Model
2.3. Intermediaries and Caching
2.4. Resource Discovery
3. Message Format
3.1. Option Format
3.2. Option Value Formats
4. Message Transmission
4.1. Messages and Endpoints
4.2. Messages Transmitted Reliably
4.3. Messages Transmitted without Reliability
4.4. Message Correlation
4.5. Message Deduplication
4.6. Message Size
4.7. Congestion Control
4.8. Transmission Parameters
5. Request/Response Semantics
5.1. Requests
5.2. Responses
5.3. Request/Response Matching
5.4. Options
5.5. Payloads and Representations
5.6. Caching
5.7. Proxying
5.8. Method Definitions
5.9. Response Code Definitions
5.10. Option Definitions
6. CoAP URIs
6.1. coap URI Scheme
6.2. coaps URI Scheme
6.3. Normalization and Comparison Rules
6.4. Decomposing URIs into Options
6.5. Composing URIs from Options
7. Discovery
7.1. Service Discovery
7.2. Resource Discovery
8. Multicast CoAP
8.1. Messaging Layer
8.2. Request/Response Layer
9. Securing CoAP
9.1. DTLS-Secured CoAP
10. Cross-Protocol Proxying between CoAP and HTTP
10.1. CoAP-HTTP Proxying
10.2. HTTP-CoAP Proxying
11. Security Considerations
12. IANA Considerations
13. References
13.1. Normative References
13.2. Informative References
[NOTE: This file contains the header, abstract, and table of contents
of RFC 7252. The full specification text is available at:
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7252
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7252.txt (text)
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7252.pdf (PDF)
Full document: 112 pages, June 2014
Authors: Zach Shelby (ARM), Klaus Hartke, Carsten Bormann (Universitaet Bremen TZI)
DOI: 10.17487/RFC7252]